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Texas State Guide

Supervising & Collaborating Physicians in Texas: What NPs and PAs Actually Need

Short answer: yes — both PAs and NPs need a physician relationship in Texas, and the requirements differ.

Physician assistants practice under a supervising physician. Nurse practitioners who prescribe need a prescriptive authority agreement (PAA) with a delegating physician. Both must be registered with the Texas Medical Board before the PA or NP begins working under them.

Quick Answers

Do PAs need a supervising physician in Texas?
Yes. Texas requires every PA to have a supervising physician who oversees their activities and accepts responsibility for the medical services provided. A PA may have more than one supervising physician.
Does the supervising physician have to be on site?
No. Texas Occupations Code §204.204 does not require physical presence. What it requires is that the physician and PA "must be, or must be able to easily be, in contact with one another by radio, telephone, or another telecommunication device." Reachable, not present.
How many PAs can one physician supervise in Texas?
The cap is seven full-time equivalents — APRNs and PAs combined — which in practice means 280 supervised hours per week. Because it's measured in hours rather than headcount, a physician can supervise more than seven people if they're part-time and the combined hours stay at or under 280. Two half-time NPs occupy one slot, not two. And hours worked in a medically underserved area don't count toward the total at all.
Is there a form?
It's a two-part process in the Texas Medical Board's online system — and you start it, not your physician. The NP or PA logs into their own TMB account and requests prescriptive authority or supervision, naming the physician. The physician then logs into their account, reviews the request, and approves it. Both halves must be complete before you begin. A request you submitted but nobody approved is not authorization.

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For Physician Assistants: What Texas Requires

A supervising physician who accepts responsibility.

The supervising physician oversees the PA's activities and accepts responsibility for the medical services provided. You can have multiple supervising physicians; this matters if you work across settings or need coverage.

Availability, not proximity.

This is the requirement most often misunderstood. Texas does not ask your supervising physician to be in the building. It asks that you can reach each other readily by phone or another telecommunication device. A physician three counties away who answers the phone is compliant. A physician down the hall who never picks up is not.

TMB registration — and you initiate it.

This trips people up because the process has two halves and neither party always knows whose move it is. You log into your own TMB account and submit the request naming your supervising physician. They then log into theirs, review it, and approve. Only once both steps are done are you registered — and it must be done before you begin working. Your physician needs a full, active, unrestricted Texas license to complete their side. Changes get updated within 30 days.

The practical implication: after you submit your request, follow up until you've confirmed the approval went through. Don't assume silence means done.

The cap is counted in hours, across all their arrangements.

Seven FTEs works out to 280 supervised hours per week, counting APRNs and PAs together, everywhere that physician supervises — not just your practice. Two things follow. First, headcount alone tells you nothing: a physician supervising nine part-timers may have plenty of room, while one supervising seven full-timers has none. Second, if you practice in a medically underserved area, your hours don't count toward their total at all — which can make you easier to place.

So the question worth asking a prospective supervisor isn't "how many people do you supervise?" It's "how many supervised hours per week do you currently carry?"

For Nurse Practitioners: What Texas Requires

Texas is a restricted-practice state. To prescribe drugs or devices, an APRN needs a written prescriptive authority agreement with a delegating physician, registered with the TMB before the first prescription.

The agreement must be in writing

and contain, at minimum: names, addresses, and license numbers of both parties; the nature and locations of the practice; the categories of drugs and devices that may be prescribed; a plan for consultation, referral, and patient emergencies; a designated alternate physician for coverage; and a quality assurance and improvement plan. It must be reviewed and re-signed annually, and retained for two years after it ends.

Chart review is set by your QA plan, not by statute.

Texas prescribes no fixed percentage — you and your physician set the cadence in the agreement. That flexibility is a feature and a trap: "we'll figure it out" is not a plan, and boards expect documentation showing reviews actually happened at whatever frequency your agreement states.

Site-based restrictions were eliminated

(SB 406), so remote collaboration is permitted.

What Applies to Both: Monthly Meetings

Since September 1, 2019, all prescriptive authority agreements require meetings at least monthly — regardless of how long the physician and delegate have worked together. Prior rules varied by experience; that variation is gone.

The meetings do not require being in the same room. Telephone or video conferencing is explicitly permitted. But each meeting must be documented. As far as a board audit is concerned, an undocumented meeting didn't happen.

What a Supervising or Collaborating Physician Costs in Texas

Texas rates depend on your credential, specialty, prescribing scope (Schedule II authority in particular), patient volume, and how much support is bundled in. Most Texas NPs and PAs pay somewhere between a few hundred and over a thousand dollars per month in private arrangements. Psychiatric and aesthetics practices generally price higher than primary care, because the sign-off burden and risk profile are different.

At MD-Match, pricing is tailored to your practice rather than flat-rated, and it's comparable to what you'd pay arranging it privately — with vetting, compliance tracking, and TMB registration support included rather than left to you. The match fee is $50, one time, and rematching is free, always.

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Mistakes I Actually See in Texas Arrangements

After years on the physician side of these agreements, the failures are rarely exotic. The same patterns repeat:

The request that was never approved.

This is the most common one I see, and it's a direct consequence of the two-step process. The NP or PA submits their TMB request, assumes that's the end of it, and starts working. The physician never logs in to approve — too busy, didn't see the notification, didn't realize a second step existed. Everyone believes it's handled. Nobody is registered. Months later it surfaces during credentialing, an audit, or a malpractice application.

If you take one thing from this page: submit your request, then confirm the approval actually happened.

"Available" that isn't.

Texas asks for reachability, which sounds like a low bar until your physician stops answering. The statute's standard is that you can easily be in contact. A collaborator who takes three days to return a call fails that test, and it's your practice carrying the risk.

The over-capacity supervisor.

A physician already carrying close to 280 supervised hours a week across all their arrangements. Because the cap is measured in hours, not headcount, neither party always realizes how close they are — a physician who "only supervises five people" may be at the ceiling if all five are full-time. You'd never know unless you asked in hours.

QA plans written to be forgotten.

A chart review clause vague enough to mean nothing, with no documentation trail. Compliant on paper the day it was signed; indefensible the day it's examined.

Meetings that quietly stop.

Monthly is the floor, documented is the requirement. Most arrangements start well and drift by the second quarter.

Every physician in the MD-Match network is background-checked, license-verified for Texas, and capacity-checked against the 1:7 rule before matching. Monthly check-ins are structured and documented as part of the service, not left to goodwill.

How MD-Match Works in Texas

  1. Complete the free intake form — credential, specialty, practice setting, timeline. First step takes about two minutes.
  2. Get a personalized quote. I review every Texas submission myself and give you an honest read — including whether your current setup has problems to fix first.
  3. Pay the one-time $50 match fee and get matched with a Texas-licensed, specialty-aligned physician.
  4. We handle the compliance rails — the agreement framework, TMB registration, documented monthly check-ins, and annual renewal reminders. If a match ever stops working, rematching is free.

Texas FAQ

Yes. Every PA must have a supervising physician who oversees their activities and accepts responsibility for the medical services provided. A PA may have multiple supervising physicians.
No. Texas Occupations Code §204.204 requires that the physician and PA be able to easily contact one another by radio, telephone, or another telecommunication device — not that the physician be physically present.
Seven full-time equivalents — APRNs and PAs combined — which is measured as 280 supervised hours per week. Because it counts hours rather than people, a physician can supervise more than seven part-time providers so long as the combined hours stay within 280. Hours worked in a medically underserved area do not count toward the total, and facility-based hospital practices are exempt.
The prescriptive authority agreement requirement attaches to prescribing drugs and devices, which nearly every clinical NP role involves. If you intend to prescribe in Texas, you need a delegating physician and a registered PAA.
Yes. Texas eliminated site-based supervision requirements, and monthly meetings may be held by phone or video. The physician does need an active, unrestricted Texas license.
At least monthly, regardless of how long you've worked together, and every meeting must be documented. Remote meetings are permitted.
Your authority to practice or prescribe under that arrangement stops with it — which makes continuity the real risk in any private arrangement. MD-Match agreements designate an alternate physician, and if a match ends, we rematch you free.
The core framework applies, but aesthetics brings additional wrinkles around standing delegation orders and protocols that trip up a lot of new owners. Mention it on the intake form and I'll flag what applies to your model.
Philip Wasef, MD is the founder of MD-Match and an actively practicing collaborating physician licensed in 45 states, including Texas. This page describes regulatory requirements in general terms and is not legal advice; requirements change, and your situation may vary. Verify current rules with the Texas Medical Board and Texas Board of Nursing, or ask us.